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欧盟人工智能法案第 14 条:人工监督实施指南

第 14 条要求高风险人工智能系统被设计成能够实现有效的人工监督。'有效'一词在句子中起着实际的作用——而这正是 AIAgentree 旨在实现的目标。

深入了解第 14 条

欧盟人工智能法案第 14 条:人工监督实施指南

第 14 条要求高风险人工智能系统被设计成能够实现有效的人工监督。'有效'一词在句子中起着实际的作用——而这正是 AIAgentree 旨在实现的目标。

上次更新: 2026年7月4日

第 14 条的要求

提供商必须设计高风险人工智能系统,使其具有人机界面,以便人们能够在整个生命周期内有效地监督该系统。目标是防止或最大限度地减少对健康、安全或基本权利的风险。

至关重要的是,第 14 条规定了一种“人机协同”的理念。仅仅让人参与其中是不够的——这个人必须具备实际的能力和权力,能够理解、干预和Override。

所需具备的六种监督能力

第 14 条(4)列出了人类监督必须具备的六种具体能力:

  • 理解能力和局限性——包括已知的偏差、错误倾向和准确性范围
  • 监控异常情况——包括漂移、异常值和性能下降
  • 解释输出结果——通过透明性和可解释性功能来支持
  • 决定不使用——在适当的时候,拒绝采纳人工智能的输出结果
  • 干预或中断——停止按钮、暂停或暂停以待审核
  • Override或撤销——更改人工智能原本会产生的结果

文档要求

除了系统设计之外,部署者还必须维护文档,以证明监督是有效的:

  • 指定的监督权限(拥有Override权限的人)
  • 监督人员的培训记录
  • Override程序和升级路径
  • 记录的干预事件及其原因
  • 可用于审计的记录,显示何时进行了监督,以及何时未进行监督

特殊规则:生物识别

对于远程生物识别系统,第 14 条规定了额外的要求:

关键决策必须由至少两名合格人员进行验证,但法律执法和边境控制等特定场景除外。

AIAgentree的人工监督功能

AIAgentree 提供了开箱即用的工具,以满足第 14 条的要求:

  • 高于阈值的决策的审批流程
  • 自动记录Override,包括谁/何时/原因
  • 比较人类和人工智能决策的模式分析
  • 当决策超出正常参数时,发出升级警报
  • 可用于审计的监督报告,用于监管检查

常见问题解答

仅仅设置“人机协同”复选框是否足以满足第 14 条的要求?

不。监督必须是有效的——人类需要拥有信息、培训和权力,才能真正进行干预。如果只是形式上的批准,则无法通过测试,监管机构对此有明确的要求。

如果我的高风险人工智能系统每小时做出数千个决策,该怎么办?

第 14 条并不要求对每个决策进行人工审核。它要求在需要干预的关键点进行有效的监督。分级风险审核——对高影响案例进行全面监督,对常规案例进行抽样监控——如果经过记录,是可以接受的。

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